The construction of the main oil pipeline through underwater

Introduction .......................................................................................... ..4

1 Methods of underwater crossings ............................................................ 6

1.1 Trench method ........................................................................ ..6

1.2 Trenchless techniques .................................................................. ..7

1.3 Микротоннелирование……………………………………………………………8

1.4 Тоннелирование………………………………………………………………….10

2 A method of directional drilling through the underwater passage ......... ..12

2.1 Scope of directional drilling during construction трубопроводов……………………………………………………………………….13

2.2 Design of transition ............................................................... .14

2.3 The choice of construction method transition ............................................. .17

2.4 Technological scheme and stages of directional drilling in the construction of crossings ................................................ .17

2.5 Installation and laying of the pipeline working .................................... ..20

2.6 Quality control of building ...................................................... 21

2.7 Environmental Protection ............................................................ .22

3 Basic data for the calculation of the stability of the pipeline on the water passing through the river ... ....................................................................................... 24

4 Calculation of the wall thickness ..................................................................... ..25

5 Check the strength of the wall thickness ................................................ .28

6 Check the thickness of the wall on deformation ............................................. .29

7 Calculation of the stability of the pipeline on the transition .................................... ... 31

8 Calculation of traction ..................................................................... ..35

9 Selection of wire ropes and the traction mechanism ................................................... .38

Заключение…………………………………………………………………………….40

List of references ... ...................................................... 41

Appendix 1. List of executive documents before the construction of the underwater crossing ........................................................................ ..42

Appendix 2. Passport to crossings constructed way directional drilling ......................................................... ..43

Annex 3. Characteristics of pipes for oil pipelines and tank farms ............ .46